{"id":3104,"date":"2025-05-21T15:01:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T12:01:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/?p=3104"},"modified":"2025-05-22T19:45:28","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T16:45:28","slug":"iman-ve-kufur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/iman-ve-kufur\/","title":{"rendered":"FAITH and UNBELIEF"},"content":{"rendered":"

Issues of faith and unbelief are the most important issues of belief because they are the fruit and practical aspect of research on issues of belief.
\n1. The Importance of the Issues of Faith and Unbelief.
\n2. Issues Related to Faith and the Disagreements of the Sects on This Issue.
\n3. Takfir.
\n4. The Most Important Reference Sources on the Issues of Faith and Unbelief.<\/p>\n

If we were to say that the issues of faith and disbelief are the most important of all religious issues, we would not be exaggerating because of the multitude of worldly and otherworldly provisions regarding these issues. Indeed, Allah Almighty says:
\n"Do those who earn evil think that We will make them like those who believe and do righteous deeds, that their life and death will be the same? Evil is what they judge." (Al-Jathiya: 21)
\nIn the afterlife, whether the end of beings will be heaven or hell depends on belief and disbelief. In this world, there are many rulings on this subject. We can list some of them as follows:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. In matters related to Sharia Politics: That is, in matters related to the status of the administrators and the current system of governance in any country.
    \nBecause the provisions of belief and disbelief related to them are extremely important in terms of their effects on not only some of the Muslims but also on all of them. Because Allah Almighty has made obedience and assistance to the Muslim ruler obligatory on the Muslims, whereas He has made obedience and assistance to the infidel ruler forbidden. If the ruler is an infidel, it is obligatory to dismiss him from his position. For this reason, scholars,
    \nThey said, \u201cIt is obligatory for every Muslim to know the situation of the ruling ruler.\u201d <br<b\u00f6ylelikle Today, there are very important rules that every Muslim should know about countries governed by human laws, as is the case in many Muslim countries. Thus, let those who will perish perish after this clear knowledge, and let those who will live live after this clear knowledge.
    \nSome of these provisions in question are as follows: The rulers of these countries have abandoned the religion of Islam because of their great blasphemy.
    \n<\/br Those who serve as judges in these countries are considered infidels because they commit major blasphemy. This shows that it is forbidden to practice this profession. Evidence of the blasphemy of these administrators and judges;
    \nThe verse is, \u201cThose who do not judge by what Allah has revealed are the unbelievers.\u201d This issue will be discussed at the end of this topic, in the section on errors regarding takfir.
    \nIn the fourth topic of the eighth chapter, the issue of judging by something other than what Allah has revealed will be specifically addressed, and the issue of rejecting some doubts about providing evidence with the above verse will be briefly pointed out.
    \nIt is not permissible to apply to the courts in these countries to seek a verdict and to work in these courts; anyone who voluntarily applies to these courts to seek a verdict is also a disbeliever.
    \nThe members of the institutions of these countries, such as the parliament and the national assembly, which are equipped with the authority to make laws, are infidels because they have committed major blasphemy.
    \nBecause these people are the ones who make actions with blasphemous laws permissible and also make new laws and put them into effect.
    \nThose who participate in the election of members to such parliaments are infidels because they commit great blasphemy. Because by electing these members, they take them as lords other than Allah. What should be taken into consideration here is not the name but what is defined by this name.
    \nLikewise, anyone who invites people to these elections or encourages them to participate in the elections becomes a disbeliever because of this.
    \nThe evidence for the disbelief of the members of parliament is the following verses.\u201d
    \n\u201cDo they have partners who make religion a law for them that which Allah has not permitted?\u201d
    \n\u201cThey have taken their rabbis and priests as lords other than Allah\u201d (at-Tawbah\/31).
    \nThe commentators have not disagreed that the concept of Lordship in these verses means making a judgment other than Allah.
    \nAs for the members of parliament, they are in a position to declare lordship by arguing with Allah regarding legislative matters, that is, making laws and rulings. Those who elect them have taken them as lords other than Allah.
    \nAs stated in the fatwas on this issue, it is haram to pay allegiance to these rulers in order for them to take over the administration of the countries in question or to continue in their duties.
    \nBecause this allegiance involves wanting to continue disbelief. Whoever wants something like that has become a disbeliever.
    \nThe soldiers who are the protectors of these kufr positions are also infidels because they commit great kufr because they fight in the way of taghut.
    \nIndeed, Allah Almighty says, "Those who disbelieve fight in the way of the taghut."
    \nHere, the taghut that is fought for is the taghut that establishes the rules in constitutions and human laws and the administrators who govern with these rules. Allah Almighty says, \u201cThey seek to take the rule from the taghut\u201d (4-an-Nisa:60). Anything that is sought from other than Allah is a taghut and falls under this rule.
    \nSimilarly, those who defend the infidel regimes by fighting, such as soldiers who are their protectors, or those who defend them verbally, such as some journalists, publishers, and scholars, are also subject to the above ruling. Therefore, it is forbidden to serve in the armies of infidel regimes.
    \nInformation regarding the ruling on this issue will come at the end of this topic, in the review we will make of the book titled \u201cer-Risaletu'l-\u00eemaniyye Fi'l-Muvalat\u201d.
    \nA Muslim is not required to obey the rulers of these states and abide by their laws. On the contrary, it is permissible for him to oppose them as he wishes, provided that he complies with the following two conditions:
    \nNot to do anything that is not permissible in the Sharia and not to torment or oppress any Muslim.
    \nCountries governed by blasphemous laws are countries that were previously ruled by sharia and later became lands of blasphemy, even if the laws of the infidels came into effect and Muslims still reside in those countries.
    \nGod willing, at the end of this section, the rulings regarding the land will come. We have not dwelled on the details of the issue here. Our aim is to explain that it is important for every Muslim to know the rulings regarding belief and disbelief. Here, we have mentioned the rulings related to religious politics.
    \nLet us continue talking about worldly rulings regarding matters of belief and disbelief.
    \nSome Rulings Regarding Guardianship: The guardianship of a disbeliever over a believer is invalid in many ways: It is not permissible for Muslims to be governors, judges or judges. Similarly, a disbeliever cannot be an imam for prayers, because the prayer of a disbeliever is invalid.
    \nThe prayer of a person who prays behind her, knowing the situation, is invalid. A disbeliever cannot be the guardian of a Muslim woman in marriage, and even if he has a close relationship that requires him to be her mahram forever, he is not considered her mahram. A disbeliever cannot take responsibility for a Muslim's property; a child who has no one else can not be left to the care of a disbeliever.
    \nApart from these, there are many types of custody.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3. Some Provisions Regarding Marriage:
    \nIt is forbidden for a disbeliever -including apostates such as those who abandon prayer and those who insult religion- to marry a Muslim woman, and he cannot be a guardian for a Muslim woman's marriage.
    \nIf she marries a Muslim and later becomes an apostate, her marriage becomes invalid. If she continues to be together with her husband, it will be adultery.
    \nWhen the current situation is evaluated with these provisions, it will be seen that many marriages have become invalid and void due to the apostasy of the man or woman before or after the marriage, and thus the permissibility of the things required by the marriage has been eliminated. This is a dangerous situation.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Some Provisions Regarding Inheritance:
      \nDifferences in religion are an obstacle to leaving and receiving inheritance. However, Ibn Taymiyyah opposed this issue and considered it permissible for a Muslim to inherit from his non-believer relative, and Ibn al-Qayyim followed him in this view. Ibn al-Qayyim defended this view at length by mentioning it in his book \u201cAhkamu Ahl al-Zimmah\u201d 2\/462 and onwards.
      \nThis view is erroneous and unacceptable because it is contrary to sound, clear and authentic texts that cannot be contradicted.
      \nThey brought forth the words of some of the Companions as evidence, but no one else's word has any value in the presence of the word of Allah and His Messenger.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      5. Some Provisions Regarding the Protection of Blood and Property: The protection of blood and property is achieved either by faith or by trust. The purpose of faith is juridical Islam determined by external behavior.
      \nThere are two types of Eman: Eman that is limited to a certain period of time. This is for the person who asks for Eman and is not allowed to stay in Dar al-Islam permanently, but only to enter there.
      \nPermanent aman is for the dhimmi who can reside permanently in the dar al-Islam, provided that he abides by the conditions of the dhimmah contract.
      \nBoth of these types of trust are only valid for the original (non-Muslim)
      \nThere is no security for an apostate. The blood and property of a real infidel or apostate who is not given security are wasted. If a person kills a person whose religion is not known intentionally, and it is later understood that the person killed is a disbeliever or an apostate whose blood and property are not secure, then neither retaliation nor blood-money is required for the murderer.<\/p>\n

      This is the case in worldly judgment. However, from a religious perspective, there is a difference of opinion as to whether the person killed is a sinner or not, since he was killed intentionally, even though he might have been a Muslim. However, if he was killed by mistake, neither blood money nor expiation is required.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Some Provisions Regarding Funerals:
        \nAn unbeliever or apostate is not washed, his prayers are not performed, and he is not buried next to Muslims.
        \nAlthough it is permissible for a Muslim to follow the funeral of a non-believer, it is not permissible for him to stand at the graveside or ask for forgiveness during the burial.
        \nThis is the requirement for fully fulfilling the purification from the unbelievers in their life and death.
        \nAllah Almighty says: \u201cDo not pray for any of them who die, and do not stand at their graves. Because they disbelieved against Allah and His Messenger and died as sinners.\u201d
        \n\u201cIt is not befitting for the Prophet and the believers to seek forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they are their relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are destined for Hell.\u201d (9et-Tawbah\/113).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        7. Rulings Concerning Friendship and Enmity (Wala and Bara): It is obligatory to be friends with a believer to the extent of his faith. It is forbidden to be friends with a disbeliever and it is obligatory to abstain from him. It is also obligatory for a believer to hate a disbeliever for the sake of Allah and to show hostility towards him as much as possible.
        \nA disbeliever should not be helped in a matter that would harm Muslims. Moreover, if a disbeliever has an agreement with Muslims or is a dhimmi, his area of action should be limited without being oppressive.<\/p>\n

        8. Provisions Regarding Migration:
        \nThese are also based on the rules regarding belief and disbelief. In order to save his religion from the sedition of the disbelievers, it is obligatory for the believer to migrate away from the disbelievers, if possible, in order not to increase the number of their community and not to help them against any Muslim.<\/p>\n

        9. Provisions Concerning Jihad:
        \nAccordingly, all the provisions regarding the treatment of captives, booty, fey, jizya and haraj are based on belief and disbelief.<\/p>\n


        \n10. Provisions Concerning the Realm:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        These rulings are also based on belief and disbelief. It is permissible for a Muslim to go to dar al-kufr only in case of need. \u00a0 Residence in such a town is only permissible due to necessity.
        \nJust as it is permissible for a disbeliever to enter the realm of Islam only by agreement, and to reside there only by paying the jizya, there are also settlements where it is not permissible for disbelievers to reside, and this is the Arabian Peninsula.
        \nAgain, there are settlements where even unbelievers are forbidden to enter, and these are also called harem areas. <\/strong><\/p>\n


        \n11. Some of the Provisions Regarding Jurisdiction:
        \nIn fact, the testimony of a disbeliever against a Muslim is not valid. We have previously mentioned among the rulings regarding guardianship that it is forbidden for a disbeliever to be a judge who gives judgment on the issues of Muslims.
        \nWhen we examine these rulings related to belief and disbelief in various chapters of the books of fiqh, we see that there are many rulings regarding these issues. For example, there are rulings regarding the utensils used by unbelievers, rulings regarding the animals they slaughter, and rulings regarding financial relations such as buying and renting with unbelievers.
        \nSince this subject is quite broad, we will only provide these examples here.
        \nAllah Almighty has divided His creations into two groups and said: \u201cIt is He who created you. Some of you are unbelievers and some of you are believers.\u201d
        \nAllah Subhanahu<\/em> He did not treat these two groups equally either in this world or in the hereafter:
        \n"Do we consider Muslims as equal to criminals and sinners? What is the matter with you? How do you pass judgment?"
        \n"Can a believer be like a sinner? They are not equal" "Those who will go to hell and those who will go to heaven are not the same. Those who will go to heaven are the ones who will be saved"
        \nAccordingly, it is against Allah's law to treat these two groups equally. This ugly sin has been undertaken by human and ignorant constitutions. These constitutions foresee that all citizens are equal before the law. They do not make the distinction required by belief regarding rights and duties. If this distinction is not observed and neglected, it will lead to great corruption in the religion and world of Muslims. Only the unbelievers will benefit from this situation.
        \nThis is the situation today. Distortion in the religion of Muslims, destruction in their world; a superior position for the unbelievers\u2026 The separation of people into two groups, believers and unbelievers, depends on acting in accordance with the rules of faith and unbelief. This separation is
        \nIt is the key and prerequisite of jihad in the path of Allah. Just as the destruction and humiliation of the power of the infidels depends on jihad, the existence and honor of the Islamic Ummah also depends on jihad.
        \nAs stated in the verse, Allah also loves the separation of people in this way: \u201cAllah will not leave the believers in the state you are in until He distinguishes the pure from the impure\u2026\u201d (3-Aal-i Imran\/179)
        \nThis is so that Allah may separate the impure from the pure, and pile up the impure and throw them all into Hell. They are the losers.\u201d
        \nWhat will ensure this distinction is to act in accordance with the rules regarding belief and disbelief. Witnessing about people is an attitude loved by Allah Almighty:
        \n\u201cThus We made you a moderate community, that you may be witnesses over mankind, and that the Messenger may be a witness over you.\u201d
        \nBeing unaware of all these facts is due to being unaware of the religion of Allah Subhanahu, and of what He loves and is pleased with. So how can someone prevent people from talking about the issues of faith and disbelief by claiming that \u201cthe only way to escape from deviation is to avoid it\u201d? And how can some people, especially those who claim to be preachers of Islam, do this? What else could be the underlying reason for this, other than ignorance of the religion of Allah and lack of faith?
        \nToday, those who come forward to preach Islam and lead Islamic communities are just like the people described by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him):<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u201cPeople take some ignorant leaders; they ask them questions and they give fatwas without knowledge. They both go astray and cause to go astray.\u201d
        \nThose who do not distinguish between believers and unbelievers or who prevent others from making this distinction are far from helping the religion of Allah or inviting people to that religion based on insight.
        \nMaking a distinction between believers and unbelievers and treating each of them as required by the Sharia has an impact not only on the fate of individuals, but more importantly, on the fate of peoples and states.
        \n\u201cThose who separate Muslims and Islamic Sharia from ruling in their countries are nothing but infidel rulers who are called \u2018Muslim rulers\u2019 by their perverted teachers and professors, and who are protected by soldiers who think that they and these rulers are Muslims. The reason that led to this situation is nothing but the deliberate ignorance and systematically implemented distortion policies that have been implemented for years.
        \nWhat prevents the majority of Muslims from thinking about this issue, namely, the issues of belief and disbelief and the distinction between believers and unbelievers, and even pushes them into a multifaceted ignorance on this issue, is their beliefs that are contrary to reality and as a result of this belief, they come to see the unbeliever rulers as Muslims and the pious preachers and mujahideen Muslims as perverted Kharijites. In this way, the preaching is alienated from life and the preachers remain as strangers who are oppressed and tortured.
        \nThis is the situation in many Muslim countries today.
        \nTherefore, it should not be considered strange that the scholars say that it is obligatory for every Muslim to know the situation of his ruler, since many rulings depend on this.
        \nThe purpose of deliberately neglecting the distinction between infidels and Muslims and preventing Muslims from doing so is to prevent them from knowing that their real enemies are infidel rulers within the country and international infidel powers outside the country.
        \nBy doing this, they prevent Muslims from waging war against their enemies both internally and externally.
        \nHowever, the existence and honor of the Muslim Ummah is only possible through jihad.<\/p>\n

        When Jihad is cancelled, the religion of the Muslims will be corrupted, their world will be destroyed and the unbelievers will gain the upper hand through corruption on earth.
        \nAs in times past, so it is today.
        \nThe Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) drew attention to this issue as follows: \u201cWhen you trade on interest, when you follow the oxen and sow, and when you abandon jihad, Allah will humiliate you with such humiliation that He will not remove it from you until you return to your religion.\u201d
        \nFollowing the tail of the ox and being content with sowing and reaping indicates inclination towards the worldly life and, as a result, abandoning jihad. All of these lead to humiliation, and by removing these causes, humiliation is removed.
        \nAll of what we have mentioned is about the importance of the issues of belief and unbelief.
        \nIbn Taymiyyah says the following on this issue: \u201cKnow that the issues of takfir and tafsiq (accusation of sin) are issues related to \u2018names and rulings.\u2019 The issues of good news (promise) and threat (vaid) that will be encountered in the hereafter are related.
        \nOther issues such as friendship and enmity in the world, fighting, protection of life and property, etc. are also related to these. Allah Subhanahu has made Paradise obligatory for the believers and forbidden for the disbelievers. These are universal rules that are valid at all times and in all places.\u201d In another place, he says: \u201cAn error in the definition of faith is not like an error in any other definition. Because the rules regarding the world and the hereafter are related to the definition of faith, Islam, disbelief and hypocrisy.\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n


        \nAgain; there is no other concept that is related to happiness and misery, praise and disgrace, reward and punishment to such an extent, other than the concepts of faith and unbelief. For this reason, these basic issues are called "issues related to names (concepts) and rules".
        \nIbn Rajab al-Hanbali says: <\/strong> \u201cThese issues, namely, faith, Islam, disbelief and hypocrisy, are issues of great importance. Allah Almighty has linked happiness and misery, and deserving Paradise or Hell, to these concepts. The disagreement regarding these concepts is the first disagreement that this Ummah fell into.\u201d
        \nRegarding the rulings brought by the sharia regarding closing the path of evil and corruption (sedd-i zeria), the Most Merciful gives the following examples: \u201cThe conditions imposed on the people of zimmah include things that aim to distinguish them from Muslims. These are in clothing, hairstyle, riding and other things.\u201d
        \nAfter examining the issues of faith and disbelief, the conclusion we have reached is this: It is obligatory upon every Muslim to distinguish the believer from the disbeliever in order to treat each one as he deserves according to Allah's law. Furthermore, it is in the interest of the disbeliever or apostate to know that he is a disbeliever. Thus, he hastens to repent and return to Islam.
        \nThis is a cause for goodness for him in this world and in the hereafter. Otherwise, concealing the truth and destroying the rules of religion, but concealing the ruling regarding the unbeliever with the excuse that getting involved in these matters will not bring a good result, not informing him that he is an unbeliever or an apostate, thus depriving the unbeliever of the opportunity to repent if he knows about his disbelief, will be an injustice and deception towards him.
        \nHowever, the situation of most unbelievers is as stated in the following verse: \u201cThose whose efforts in the life of this world go in vain, even though they think they are doing good deeds\u2026\u201d<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u0130man ve k\u00fcf\u00fcr meseleleri itikad konular\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileridir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar, itikad konular\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n semeresi\u00a0 ve\u00a0 pratik\u00a0 y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. 1. \u0130man\u00a0 ve\u00a0 K\u00fcf\u00fcr\u00a0 Konular\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 \u00d6nemi. 2. \u0130manla\u00a0 \u0130lgili\u00a0 Meseleler\u00a0 ve\u00a0 F\u0131rkalar\u0131n Bu Konudaki \u0130htilaflar\u0131. 3. Tekfir. 4. \u0130man\u00a0 ve\u00a0 K\u00fcf\u00fcr Konular\u0131ndaki En \u00d6nemli Ba\u015fvuru Kaynaklar\u0131. \u0130man ve k\u00fcf\u00fcr konular\u0131 t\u00fcm din konular\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileridir dersek, bu konularla […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[451,485],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-akaid","category-islami-arastirmalar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3104"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3104\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hikmetkapisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}